-
1 фотографический объектив
photographic objective, photographic lens systemРусско-английский политехнический словарь > фотографический объектив
-
2 объектив
2) Geology: lens (микроскопа), object-glass3) Medicine: field lens (микроскопа)4) Engineering: camera lens (фотографического или киносъёмочного аппарата), lens system, objective lens, optical objective, photographic lens system (фотографический)5) Railway term: compound lens7) Optics: object glass, object lens8) Photo: camera glass (с вики: то же самое, что и photographic lens, objective lens или photographic objective)9) Electronics: glass10) Genetics: objective (микроскопа)11) Mechanics: optical front end -
3 съёмочный объектив
1) Medicine: taking lensУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > съёмочный объектив
-
4 фотографический объектив
1) Engineering: photographic objective2) Makarov: camera objective, photographic lens, photographic lens systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > фотографический объектив
-
5 Steinheil, Carl August von
[br]b. 1801 Roppoltsweiler, Alsaced. 1870 Munich, Germany[br]German physicist, founder of electromagnetic telegraphy in Austria, and photographic innovator and lens designer.[br]Steinheil studied under Gauss at Göttingen and Bessel at Königsberg before jointing his parents at Munich. There he concentrated on optics before being appointed Professor of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Munich in 1832. Immediately after the announcement of the first practicable photographic processes in 1839, he began experiments on photography in association with another professor at the University, Franz von Kobell. Steinheil is reputed to have made the first daguerreotypes in Germany; he certainly constructed several cameras of original design and suggested minor improvements to the daguerreotype process. In 1849 he was employed by the Austrian Government as Head of the Department of Telegraphy in the Ministry of Commerce. Electromagnetic telegraphy was an area in which Steinheil had worked for several years previously, and he was now appointed to supervise the installation of a working telegraphic system for the Austrian monarchy. He is considered to be the founder of electromagnetic telegraphy in Austria and went on to perform a similar role in Switzerland.Steinheil's son, Hugo Adolph, was educated in Munich and Augsburg but moved to Austria to be with his parents in 1850. Adolph completed his studies in Vienna and was appointed to the Telegraph Department, headed by his father, in 1851. Adolph returned to Munich in 1852, however, to concentrate on the study of optics. In 1855 the father and son established the optical workshop which was later to become the distinguished lens-manufacturing company C.A. Steinheil Söhne. At first the business confined itself almost entirely to astronomical optics, but in 1865 the two men took out a joint patent for a wide-angle photographic lens claimed to be free of distortion. The lens, called the "periscopic", was not in fact free from flare and not achromatic, although it enjoyed some reputation at the time. Much more important was the achromatic development of this lens that was introduced in 1866 and called the "Aplanet"; almost simultaneously a similar lens, the "Rapid Rentilinear", was introduced by Dallmeyer in England, and for many years lenses of this type were fitted as the standard objective on most photographic cameras. During 1866 the elder Steinheil relinquished his interest in lens manufacturing, and control of the business passed to Adolph, with administrative and financial affairs being looked after by another son, Edward. After Carl Steinheil's death Adolph continued to design and market a series of high-quality photographic lenses until his own death.[br]Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York (a general account of the Steinheils's work).Most accounts of photographic lens history will give details of the Steinheils's more important work. See, for example, Chapman Jones, 1904, Science and Practice of Photography, 4th edn, London: and Rudolf Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston.JWBiographical history of technology > Steinheil, Carl August von
-
6 объектив
objective lens, lens, lens system, optical objective, objective* * *объекти́в м.1. (кино-, фото- или телекамеры) lens
(за)диафрагмировать объекти́в — stop down the lensисправля́ть объекти́в на астигмати́зм, дисто́рсию и т. п. — correct a lens for astigmatism, distortion, etc.наводи́ть объекти́в на ре́зкость — focus the lensпросветля́ть объекти́в — give the lens an anti-reflection coatingскле́ивать объекти́в — cement the lens elements2. (микроскопа, телескопа) objective lensобъекти́в помутне́л — the lens is cloudyанаморфо́тный объекти́в — anamorphotic [anamorphic] lensапохромати́ческий объекти́в — apochromatic lens, apochromatахромати́ческий объекти́в — achromatic lensдвухли́нзовый объекти́в — doublet (objective) lensдлиннофо́кусный объекти́в — long focal-length [telephoto] lensзерка́льно-ли́нзовый объекти́в — catadioptic lensзерка́льный объекти́в ( в микроскопах) — reflecting objectiveиммерсио́нный объекти́в — oil immersion lensква́рцевый объекти́в — quartz lensкиносъё́мочный объекти́в — cinematography [motion-picture] lensкороткофо́кусный объекти́в — short-focus lensмалосветоси́льный объекти́в — slow lensмени́сковый объекти́в — meniscus lensмягкорису́ющий объекти́в — soft focus lensнорма́льный объекти́в — normal [standard] lensортоскопи́ческий объекти́в — distortion-free lensпанкрати́ческий объекти́в — zoom lensпанора́мный объекти́в — panoramic lensпроекцио́нный объекти́в — projection lensпросветлё́нный объекти́в — coated lensсветоси́льный объекти́в — fast [high-speed] lensобъекти́в с исправле́нием аберра́ции — corrected lensсме́нный объекти́в — ( в дополнение к основному) accessory lens; ( взаимозаменяемый) interchangeable lensобъекти́в с переме́нным фо́кусным расстоя́нием — zoom lensсъё́мочный объекти́в — taking lensобъекти́в телеско́па — telescope objective (lens)трёхли́нзовый объекти́в — three-clement [triplet] lensфотографи́ческий объекти́в — photographic lensчетырёхли́нзовый объекти́в — four-clement lensширокоуго́льный объекти́в — wide-angle lens -
7 Chrétien, Henri Jacques
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1879 Paris, Franced. 7 February 1956 Washington, USA[br]French astrophysicist, inventor of the anamorphoser, which became the basis of the Cinemascope motion picture system.[br]Chrétien studied science, and after obtaining his bachelors degree he started his working life at Meudon Observatory. He married in 1910, the same year as he was appointed Head of Astrophysics at Nice. In 1917 he helped to found the Institut d'Optique in Paris. Chrétien became Professor of astrophysics at the Sorbonne and in 1927, as part of his work on optical systems, demonstrated the use of an anamorphic lens for wide-screen motion pictures. Although the system was demonstrated in Washington as early as 1928 and again at the Paris International Exposition of 1937, it was not until 1952 that Twentieth-Century Fox were able to complete purchase of the patents which became the basis of their Cinemascope system. Cinemascope was one of the most successful technical innovations introduced by film studios in the early 1950s as part of their attempts to combat competition from television. The first Cinemascope epic, The Robe, shown in 1953, was an outstanding commercial success, and a series of similarly spectacular productions followed.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1956, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 65:110.R.Kingslake, 1989, A History of the Photographic Lens, Boston (biographical information and technical details of the anamorphic lens).JWBiographical history of technology > Chrétien, Henri Jacques
-
8 способность
efficiencyвидимая разрешающая способностьapparent resolutionвизуальная разрешающая способностьvisual resolutionвременная разрешающая способностьtime resolutionвысокая отражательная способность в широком диапазоне длин волнbroad-band reflectivityвысокая разрешающая способностьhigh resolutionизбирательная отражательная способностьselective reflectivityизлучательная способностьemissive powerлучеиспускательная способностьemittanceнизкая разрешающая способностьlow resolutionотносительная отражательная способностьrelative reflectivityотносительная радиоизлучательная способностьratio of radio to optical power emittedотражательная способность1.light reflecting power 2.reflecting (reflective) power 3.reflectivityпоглощательная способность1.absorbtance 2.absorbing powerпреломляющая способностьrefractive powerпроницающая способностьoptical resolving power (of telescope)разрешающая способность1.resolving power 2.resolutionразрешающая способность инструментаinstrumental resolutionразрешающая способность линзыlens efficiencyразрешающая способность системыsystem resolutionразрешающая способность телескопаtelescope resolutionразрешающая способность фотоматериалаphotographic resolutionрассеивающая способность1.dispersive power 2.scattering powerпредельная разрешающая способностьlimiting resolutionтеоретическая разрешающая способностьtheoretical resolutionугловая разрешающая способность1.angle efficiency 2.discrimination 3.angular-resolving power 4.angular resolutionфизическая разрешающая способностьphysical resolving powerфотографическая разрешающая способностьphotographic resolving power -
9 Ives, Frederic Eugene
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 17 February 1856 Litchfield, Connecticut, USAd. 27 May 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American printer who pioneered the development of photomechanical and colour photographic processes.[br]Ives trained as a printer in Ithaca, New York, and became official photographer at Cornell University at the age of 18. His research into photomechanical processes led in 1886 to methods of making halftone reproduction of photographs using crossline screens. In 1881 he was the first to make a three-colour print from relief halftone blocks. He made significant contributions to the early development of colour photography, and from 1888 he published and marketed a number of systems for the production of additive colour photographs. He designed a beam-splitting camera in which a single lens exposed three negatives through red, green and blue filters. Black and white transparencies from these negatives were viewed in a device fitted with internal reflectors and filters, which combined the three colour separations into one full-colour image. This device was marketed in 1895 under the name Kromskop; sets of Kromograms were available commercially, and special cameras, or adaptors for conventional cameras, were available for photographers who wished to take their own colour pictures. A Lantern Kromskop was available for the projection of Kromskop pictures. Ives's system enjoyed a few years of commercial success before simpler methods of making colour photographs rendered it obsolete. Ives continued research into colour photography; his later achievements included the design, in 1915, of the Hicro process, in which a simple camera produced sets of separation negatives that could be printed as dyed transparencies in complementary colours and assembled in register on paper to produce colour prints. Later, in 1932, he introduced Polychrome, a simpler, two-colour process in which a bipack of two thin negative plates or films could be exposed in conventional cameras. Ives's interest extended into other fields, notably stereoscopy. He developed a successful parallax stereogram process in 1903, in which a three-dimensional image could be seen directly, without the use of viewing devices. In his lifetime he received many honours, and was a recipient of the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal in 1903 for his work in colour photography.[br]Further ReadingB.Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London J.S.Friedman, 1944, History of Colour Photography, Boston. G.Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.E.J.Wall, 1925, The History of Three-Colour Photography, Boston.BC
См. также в других словарях:
Photographic lens — A photographic lens (also known as objective lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media… … Wikipedia
Lens speed — refers to the maximum aperture diameter, or minimum f number, of a photographic lens. A lens with a larger maximum aperture (that is, a smaller minimum f number) is a fast lens because it delivers more light intensity (illuminance) to the focal… … Wikipedia
Lens (optics) — For other uses, see Lens. A lens. Lenses can be used to focus light. A lens is an optical device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which tra … Wikipedia
Photographic film — This article is mainly concerned with still photography film. For motion picture film, please see film stock. Photographic film is a sheet of plastic (polyester, nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate) coated with an emulsion containing light… … Wikipedia
Photographic processing — is the chemical means by which photographic film and paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders… … Wikipedia
Photographic filter — Four photographic filters. Clockwise, from top left, an infrared hot mirror filter, a polarising filter, and a UV filter. The larger filter is a polariser for Cokin style filter mounts. In photography and videography, a filter is a camera… … Wikipedia
Lens mount — A lens mount is an interface mechanical and often also electrical between a photographic camera body and a lens. It is confined to cameras where the body allows interchangeable lenses, most usually the single lens reflex type or any movie camera… … Wikipedia
Lens (anatomy) — Crystalline lens (anatomy) Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus by changing the curvature of the lens … Wikipedia
Photographic Alliance of Great Britain — The Photographic Alliance of Great Britain (known as the PAGB) is the umbrella organisation that provides benefits and co ordinates specific events for the majority of photographic clubs and societies in England, Scotland, Wales Northern… … Wikipedia
Photographic developer — In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is a chemical that makes the latent image on the film or print visible. It does this by reducing the silver halides that have been exposed… … Wikipedia
History of the single-lens reflex camera — The history of the single lens reflex camera predates the invention of photography in 1826/27 by one and a half centuries with the use of a reflex mirror in a camera obscura first described in 1676. Such SLR devices were popular as drawing aids… … Wikipedia
